the camera

parallax- the difference in change in the position of an object resulting from change in position of the observer. 
SLR- single lens reflex
pentaprism- a five-sided reflecting prism used to deviate a beam of light by a constant 90°
pellicle mirror- ultra-thin, ultra-lightweight semi-transparent mirror employed in the light path of an optical instrument

aperture-  an opening, usually circular, that limits the quantity of light that can enter an optical instrument.
shutter-  a mechanical device for opening and closing the aperture of a camera lens to expose film or the like.
exposure-  the intensity of light falling on a photographic film or plate multiplied by the time for which it is exposed
depth of field- the range of distances along the axis of an optical instrument 
F-stop-  the setting of an adjustable lens aperture as indicated by an f number.
focal length- the distance from a focal point of a lens or mirror to the corresponding principal plane

mode dial- for the different modes

on/off button- turn it off and on

zoom buttons- zoom in and out

display key- display the picture on the LCD

4 way control panel- use it to navigate

playback button- to view the pictures you already have taken

menu button- to get to the menu